What is an SKU?
A stock keeping unit is the number a shop gives its own products. It identifies exactly one sellable thing in exactly one business: the blue shirt in size M, not shirts in general. Where the product sits in a warehouse, which variant a customer ordered and what has to be reordered are all answered through the SKU.
SKU is not EAN, UPC or GTIN
This is the difference that matters, and it is the reason this page can say something the EAN and UPC pages cannot:
- An EAN, UPC or GTIN is assigned by GS1. It is globally unique, it identifies the product for everybody, and you cannot invent one - a generated one is unlicensed.
- An SKU is assigned by you. It only has to be unique inside your own shop or warehouse. No registry exists, no fee is due, nobody can tell you your SKU is wrong.
Which is why generating SKUs in bulk is a completely legitimate use of this page - unlike generated barcode numbers, codes made here are as real as any other SKU the moment you decide to use them. The only thing to watch is that they stay unique within your own system.
What makes a good SKU
- Readable by a human under stress. Someone will read it off a shelf label at the end of a shift.
- No ambiguous characters. The segments here leave out I and O, because next to 1 and 0 they cause mistyped codes.
- A meaningful prefix, then opaque segments. A prefix such as a product family keeps lists sortable. Encoding price or supplier into the code, on the other hand, means reprinting labels when either changes.
- One fixed shape. Same length, same separator, everywhere - that is what makes an SKU easy to validate on import.